![]() ![]() ![]() In the last decades, advances in technology and costs reduction permitted to adopt this technology in civil applications such as aerial photography, video and mapping, pollution and land monitoring, powerline inspection, fire detection, agriculture, and among other applications. Quadrotors are a kind of mini-UAV’s with vertical take-off and landing, controlled completed through four rotors mounted on each end of the crossed axes, which provide lift forces for the quadrotor move, this vehicle is very popular in the research community due to their special features like strong coupling subsystems, unknown physical parameters, and nonparametric uncertainties in inputs and external disturbances. Therefore, a suitable control system for stabilizing the closed loop control system is required to do this, various control techniques, linear and nonlinear, have been implemented such as control PD, control PID, control of position and orientation by vision, sliding mode control, fuzzy logic, and adaptive control in. The dynamic behavior of quadrotor has been published in varying complexity particularly, the model we used is based on, where an extended mathematical description by the full consideration of nonlinear coupling between the axes is presented. We assume elastic deformations sufficient stiffness and realistic flight maneuvers were omitted, mass distributions of the quadrotor are symmetrical in the x-y plane, drag factor and thrust factor of the quadrotor are constant, and air density around the quadrotor is constant. In this work, we develop an adaptive control strategy to stabilize the attitude dynamics of a quadrotor UAV. The adaptive control permit deals with modeling errors and disturbance uncertainty, variations of the mass, inertia, actuators faults, nonlinear aerodynamics, etc. This chapter is organized as follows: Section 2 presents the mathematical model of the quadrotor obtained using Newton-Euler equations. Section 3 provides brief introduction about the adaptive control theory and the methodology used is based to obtain the adaptive law equations. In Section 4, simulations and analysis are presented to verify the performance of MRAC schema, and finally in Section 5, conclusions of this work are presented. The adaptive control is an advance control technique which provides a systematic approach for automatic adjustment of controllers in real time, in order to achieve or to maintain a desired level of control system performance, when the parameters of the plant dynamic model are unknown and/or change in time. Two different approaches can be distinguished: indirect and direct approaches. In the first approach, the plant parameters are estimate online and used to calculate the controller parameters. In the second, the plant model is parameterized in terms of the controller parameters that are estimated directly without intermediate calculations involving plant parameter estimates. The model reference adaptive control or MRAC is a direct adaptive strategy which consists of some adjustable controller parameters and an adjusting mechanism to adjust them. The goal of the MRAC approach is adjusting the controller parameters so that the output of the plant tracks the output of the reference model having the same reference input. The MRAC schema is combine two loops: the inner or primary loop where controller and plant are feedback as in normal loop and outer loop or also called adjustment loop where some adaptive mechanisms and a model reference are used to obtain the some performance. ![]() This section presents several simulations test made to prove the performance of MRAC controller to stabilize a mini-UAV quadrotor. As mentioned before, only orientation dynamic (angle position, angular velocity and acceleration) are considered. Analyzing Eq. (18), it is easy to see that roll, pitch, and yaw dynamics are very similar for this reason, only roll moment is used as example in simulation. ![]()
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